- Damascus was ruled by another Turkish family. Imad did everything he could to get. Imad laid siege to it on occasion. Imad marries the woman who is the Regent for her son. Her name is Zumar. He tries to get her to marriage to hand the city over. She can't because her son doesn't wanna lose it. Then her son goes crazy. He made deal with the Crusaders. Finally in the end he is just ready to hand the city over to the Crusaders or the Assassins. The mother finds out & kills her son. But her next oldest son is too young to take over. So the mother becomes the Regent - 12:40
- Another reason to go after Aleppo besides it will break Syrian resistance because Damascus without Aleppo, it's done! It's over! Specially because Muen Unar (Mu'in ad-Din Unur); the guy ruling Damascus; has already struck a deal with the Crusaders. One of the reasons why Zengi haven't been able to take the city yet. Every time they move an army to Damascus, the Crusaders come up to defend the city because they have a deal, this Muslim-Turkish-lead-Arab city is allied with this European Crusader state - 29:55
- If you capture Aleppo; that's it; it's over! Because you already got Damascus. Not truly but partially. And then nothing to stop you from going to taking Edessa back & you complete the Crusade. You fulfil the goal - 30:35
- Louis VII of France decides to go to Jerusalem instead of taking Aleppo. Because Jerusalem is high value to the Pilgrimage to Jerusalem - 30:50
- Jerusalem decides to capture & conquer Damascus. They were previously allied to Damascus - 31:25
- There are two cities. You want both. You are allied with one & the other one might not have the forces to resist you. In that scenario, attack your ally - 31:40
- There is a fight coming. There are two people in the fight. One of them is your friend & the other one is the guy you want to really beat up. The friend you are not sure about. But he is still your friend who hates the guy you really want to beat up. So, who should you attack? - 32:00
- So, who should you attack? The friend, of course - 32:15
- This is just an easy one - 32:20
- Louis VII of France march an army to Damascus - 32:25
- Muen Unar (Mu'in ad-Din Unur) knows that Louis VII of France is coming so he starts to prepare defenses. Sends words to everybody including his enemies like Nur ad-Din Mahmud Zengi. Nur ad-Din Mahmud Zengi send words to his (older) brother (Sayf al-Din Ghazi-I in Mosul). Sayf al-Din Ghazi-I in Mosul sends an army - 32:30
- The Crusader army (Louis VII of France) is right up next to the wall. They put the city under siege. Trying to grind it into the dirt. When Nur ad-Din & his (elder) brother Sayf al-Din Ghazi-I show up with army & saved the enemy Muen Unar (Mu'in ad-Din Unur) to defend Damascus - 32:50
- Mu'in ad-Din Unur starts to write letters to the Crusaders. He is sending it to both camps. The local Crusaders, the descendants of the crusaders who arrived in 1098 A.D. & He is sending letters to the new Crusaders, the guys that just got there - 32:20
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- Mu'in ad-Din Unur's letter to the new Crusaders, "If you guys insist on doing the siege, I'm gonna turn the city over to Nur ad-Din Mahmud Zengi. You're gonna really regret that." - 33:50
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- Mu'in ad-Din Unur's letter to the old Crusaders, "I can't believe you betrayed me. Not because I can't believe you would betray anybody. You pretty much betrayed everyboody including yourselves. You've loyalty no nobody. That's not what I'm freaked out about. I just don't think that you've thought this through. If you guys capture my city & hand it over to the new Crudsers, they're gonna use it as a power race to unseat you & take your stuff. The new crusaders don't like you. They think you're native. They think you're locals. They're just working it so they get more lands so that they can later turn on you!"- 34:00
- But it splits the Crusaders into two camps. They back to Jerusalem - 34:50
- Conrad III of Germany puts Echelon under siege & waits for other the other Crusaders to show up. Nobody came & He ultimately leaves - 34:55
- Conrad III of Germany takes Frederick Barbarossa - 35:35
- Louis VII of France & his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine go back by sea. Eleanor of Aquitaine wanted annulment in 1152 A.D. They didn't have a son - 35:40
- Louis VII of France dies the next year after divorce by dysentery - 36:00
- Godfrey de Buong (Godfrey of Bouillon) don't become the king.
Replaced by Baldwin-I (Baldwin I of Jerusalem).
Baldwin-I is replaced by Baldwin-II (Baldwin II of Jerusalem).
Baldwin-II is replaced by Fulk (Fulk V of Anjou) - 36:40
[Baldwin planned to conquer Damascus, but he needed external support to achieve his goal. He married off his eldest daughter, Melisende, to Count Fulk V of Anjou in 1129.]
- Baldwin-II eldest daughter Melisende (Melisende of Jerusalem) & Fulk (Fulk V of Anjou) co-rule - 36:50
- Melisende (Melisende of Jerusalem) & Fulk (Fulk V of Anjou)'s oldest son is names Baldwin-III (Baldwin III of Jerusalem) - 36:55
- Baldwin-III (Baldwin III of Jerusalem) becomes the king at the age of 10 - 37:00 
- Baldwin-III has his mother Melisende as his Regent - 37:15
- When Baldwin-III finally becomes old enough to takeover, Melisende refuses to hand him over the Reigns of Power. They do a civil war. Son defeats mother & Baldwin-III finally takes over! - 37:20
- Baldwin-III will be the King for 20 years. When he dies, he is replaced by his younger brother Amalric (Amalric of Jerusalem) on 1163 A.D. - 37:35
- Amalric married Agnes of Courtenay. Nobody liked her. She was like Eleanor of Aquitaine - 38:05
-
Amalric annulment the marriage with
Agnes & turn around & marries Maria Komnene (
Maria Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem) - 38:55
- Maria Komnene is the great granddaughter of Alexios Komnenos. His son was John Doukas Komnenos. His son is Manuel I Komnenos. So Maria Komnene is the grand-niece of the Roman Empire - 39:05
- So Amalric marriage to Maria is a good thing for them because it would link them back to the Roman Empire - 39:25
- Movie - Kingdom of Heaven 2005 - 39:45
- There is no Hollywood movie that has ever been historically accurate - 40:10
- The reality of Hollywood: Hollywood has a formula. Every movie must fit the formula. If the movie doesn't fit the formula, it won't work. & as a result, they won't make it (movie). Your film will never be shown. You can write as many screenplay as you want to if you don't follow the formula, you'll be a screen writer with no movies. - 40:15
- The saying in Hollywood is: Don't let the truth get in the way of a good story! - 40:40
- Problem is lowest common denominator. If a move is made which is too heavy; it's too complicated; the movie is gonna lose too many ticket sales at the box office. The movie have to have a movie that can appeal to a broad audience - 40:55
- Error in the movie - Balian of Ibelin is the star of the movie. In the movie he is a blacksmith living in France or Germany. HIs father is Godfrey of Ibelin. Godfrey finds his illegitimate son Balian that he had left behind back with him on the Crusade to take over Ibelin. Ibelin is on the coast of Palestine. That's the basis for the movie - 41:35
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- The hero who didn't really want to do it but he kind of got pulled into it by circumstances & he just goes ahead & does the right thing cause he is there. But he never sets out to do it...
...That's wrong at every level...
1. Balian was a real person. His father's name was Barisan of Ibelin not Godfrey of Bouillon.
2. He would born in Ibelin, he was the third oldest son to Barisan of Ibelin - 42:20
- Agnes of Courtenay is old & no longer married to Amalric of Jerusalem, she turns around & actually marries Balian's older brother - 43:00
- In other words - The person who should have been Queen; the person who is the mother to a prince & a princess in the line of succession, is married to Balian's older brother - 43:10
- To make things even weirder, when Amalric of Jerusalem does die, Balian would marry Amalric's wife - 43:25
- In another words - Balian was so intertwined into the system & he was such a local, that he actually marry the former Queen - 43:40
- In the movie they wanted Balian to have a love affair with Amalric's daughter ... Sibylla (Sibylla of Jerusalem) - 44:15
- Sibylla is a real person. She is a princess who is in line of succession. But her brother of course Baldwin I of Jerusalem is ahead of her - 44:20
- Raynald of Châtillon - He was from Europe. He was not like the other Crusaders. He was in the Second Crusade. He basically acts as a mercenary fighting for whoever pays the highest amount of money. After 6 years he marries the princess who is ruling Antioch. The princess (Alice of Antioch) who went rogue against her own Father, the King. So, her daughter; Raynald of Châtillon marries her. Her name is Constance. After married Constance, Raynald of Châtillon becomes the prince of Antioch - 44:35
- Raynald of Châtillon becoming princess makes Roger-II (Roger II of Sicily) also mad because he wants to take over Antioch. He thinks, it's his. Roger-II (Roger II of Sicily) is always cranky. But he doesn't actually go to Palestine. He stays in Southern Greece fighting Roman Empire - 45:30
- Ronald De Chatillon is ruling Antioch. He does lots of raids. He is sort of supplementing his tax with stealing stuff from other people - 45:50
- It gets in his mind that Raynald of Châtillon should just plunder; burn; pillage; destroy; rape the island of Cyprus - 46:05
- Island of Cyprus belong to the Roman Empire Manuel-I komnenos. The Roman Empire thinks Antioch belongs to it - 46:20
- The fact that there is a principality of Crusader state & principality of Antioch that is not part of the Roman Empire, drives Roman Empire Nuts - 46:30
- Here this guys (Raynald of Châtillon) who runs this state that the Roman thinks belongs to them who decides to attack a Roman Island - 46:40
- Raynald of Châtillon lands his Crusaders on the island. The island is Christian. But there are all kinds of Christians right there. There are Orthodox Christians, Catholic Christians & he just begins murdering everybody. He is just mascaraing the island. He sets it's fields on fire. He is taking people in the salary. He is murdering people. He is having his army systematically rape. They are burning homes. They are plundering big towns in the island of Shreds - 46:50
- Cyprus still has not recovered - 47:20
- Raynald of Châtillon just rips the place to pieces. It's a blood bath. Like the first Crusade was. He comes back to Antioch - 47:35
- The Roman Empire (Manuel-I komnenos) is mad. He mobilizes his army. He leaves Roger II of Sicily. He pulls his army to head to Antioch. He expect that Raynald of Châtillon is probably going to be killed & he is going to take Antioch over - 47:45
- Raynald of Châtillon dresses as a beggar. He walks out to where the Emperor (Manuel-I komnenos) is. Lays face down in the dirt. The Emperor is talking to other people. He ignores Raynald of Châtillon. The Roman Empire (Manuel-I komnenos) forgives Raynald of Châtillon - 48:05
- Ronald De Chatillon continue to do his raids will continue to do his raids. He is constantly attacking the area. He is constantly making a mess of everything. Until 1160 A.D. - 48:50
- In 1160 A.D. Nur al-Din Zengi defeats Ronald De Chatillon in battle captures him & throws him in prison in Aleppo & he is out of the picture. Well, for now - 49:00
- You can never put a good man down - 49:10
- Amalric of Jerusalem starts to get little obsessed after seeing an opportunity with Manuel-I komnenos (Roman Empire) army parked near Antioch & Nur al-Din Zengi solid in his position - 49:30
-
Nur al-Din Zengi finally took Damascus - 49:50
- Nur al-Din Zengi wasn't like his dad. Imad al-Din Zengi was vultures. Rough guy. Ready to fight. Looking for an opportunity to fight. Alcoholic. Drinking all the time - 50:00
- Nur al-Din Zengi was opposite. He was humble. He did not drink. He looked like he might actually be a believer. He looked like he might be a devout Muslim. So people kind of look to him for inspiration - 50:15
- Nur al-Din Zengi setup an entire Bureaucracy dedicated to propaganda - 50:35
- Nur al-Din Zengi would say stuff. Like he would make a prayer. He prayed to God saying,
"Don't give Mahmud victory! Who is this dog Mahmud to deserve victory? Give victory to Muslim people."
Nur al-Din Zengi name is Nur al-Din Mahmud. He is talking about himself in his prayer. So the propaganda ministry wrote it down & they started disseminating it so it would be a rumor that he put himself down in his prayers to God calling himself a dog. Saying that he is unworthy of victory. He just wants the Muslim people - 50:45
- So now the people say, "Oh! He is not in it for himself."
& Of course; Mahmud also known as Nur al-Din Zengi; he didn't horde wealth. He didn't live in a big palace. He preferred to live a simple life. He wasn't covered in silk all the time. He looked different than the other rulers. He acted different than other rulers & then he capitalized on it with his propaganda papers. They're sort of floating around starting rumors. Is it really a rumor if you did it on purpose? - 51:20
- It was like the Bush administration that kept leaking stuff. Is it really a leak if you are leaking it? - 51:50
- Isn't it a leak when you didn't mean for it to come out? - 51:55
- Muen Unar (Mu'in ad-Din Unur) has this problem. He can't defeat this guy (Nur al-Din Zengi). He tried. Even the Crusaders tried to defeat him (Nur al-Din Zengi) but can't get him (Nur al-Din Zengi) unseated - 52:05
- What Nur al-Din Zengi would do is instead of doing like his dad (Imad) would do to put the city under siege or kill, at one point Imad attack Balbak & killed a bunch of people. Tried to send a signal to Damascus saying, "If you guys don't surrender, then this could happen to you." Had the opposite effect. People are like, "Oh my God, if we don't fight this guy, he is going to massacre us." So they fought even harder - 52:15
- Nur al-Din Zengi pulls his army up. He says, "If you come to me, I'll take care of you!" Then everybody is ready to fight, he says, "I'm not here to fight" & he pulls his army away. Then he pulls his army back up. He goes, "I'm not here to fight. I just want you to consider joining me. Let's work together." Then when the people are getting ready to fight, he is like, "No no no! I'm not fighting." & he pulls his army away & then he keeps talking to them & he starts sending people into the city to sort of talk the propaganda that he has been doing. He is paying a strange diplomatic war with the people inside the city - 52:35
- At one point, he sends a Kurd names, Ayyub into the city to befriend the militia. The militia basically declares it's neutrality saying, "If you attack the city we would not fight you." - 53:15
- Muen Unar (Mu'in ad-Din Unur) gets dysentery & dies. The guys that he had reagent for is Abaq (Mujir ad-Din Abaq)... He is young. He doesn't really know what he was doing. He is still trying to make things work. Keep Damascus separate. But as time goes by, Nur al-Din Zengi is slowly getting the city over to Him. Abaq eventually dies. He looses control & looses confidence. He doesn't die. He does die in 1165 A.D. Abaq looses his confidence in the city & Nur al-Din Zengi it's his chance to strike. He moves his army up - 53:35
- It's 1153 A.D. it's one of Nur al-Din Zengi men climbed up on top of the all & plant Nur al-Din Zengi flag. Everybody was like what just happened. The city just changes hands. No blood bath. No blood shed. It's over. He goes to ... Akab ... & he goes, "I'm gonna give you land over by Homes!" Abaq doesn't get executed. No murder - 54:15
- Nur al-Din Zengi finally has Damascus & Aleppo merged together with in a way which was genius he didn't had to overcome Damascus's defenses to do it. - 54:45
- That year 1153 A.D. the Crusaders finally captured
Ashkelon. Ashkelon was not controlled by
the Syrians. It was controlled by the Egyptians. So it's on the other side of the Palestine from Syria. It's by the Sinai - 55:00
- The Egyptians controlling it was necessary for couple of reasons.
1. They have their fleet parked there & it put them in close proximity to mess with the Crusaders states when they needed to.
2. It made it difficult for the Crusaders to actually attack Egypt. Because as long as there is an Egyptian army & Egyptian fleet in Ashkelon, the Egyptians could literally go behind the Crusaders - 55:20
- The Crusaders really needed to Ashkelon first & they do get it at 1153 A.D. - 55:45
- Amalric of Jerusalem takes over 1163 A.D. & decides to make the Crusaders state a Super State by taking Egypt - 55:50
- Because Egypt back then the largest population in Arab state. It was filthy rich. Like today it's the largest Arab state still. That hasn't change. So if the Crusaders could capture Egypt, like game over! This is it! There is way you'll unseat them - 56:05
- 1163 A.D. Amalric of Jerusalem sends an army. The army goes to Bilbeis. It was on the Neil. The army arrived when the annual flood is about to happen. So the army sets up a siege around the city. The defenders in front were wait until the flood arise. They go over to the dykes that were supposed to protect the farm fields from flooding & cut holes in the dykes. They literally just flood. The Crusader army gets flooded out when they break the dykes open. At that point, the Crusaders are run back to Palestine - 56:25
- The reason that matters is now everybody is looking at the possibility of the Crusaders capturing Egypt - 57:15
- In another words: If the Crusaders have not done that & just gone & capture Egypt like off the bad, it would have been a different story - 57:20
- Because they had this sort of botch failed little run, it puts everybody on alert - 57:30
- Egypt was Fatemid. Fatimid was Shi'a. They had their own Khalifa - 57:40
- There was two Khalifas for the Arab world. There is one in Baghdad; he is the Abbasid Khalifa & there is one in Cairo; the Fatimid Khalifa - 57:45
- That guy didn't rule Egypt just like in Baghdad the Khalifa doesn't rule the Arab world. He is more of a symbolic gesture - 57:55
- Think the King of England. Person with the title. They gave tax money we don't know why. Beautiful lavish palaces & the tax money goes to support that. We actually have no idea why - 58:05
- We actually do & the reason is: To prevent tyranny. The figure as King; the figure as Monarch; holds a space in our minds in our hearts & in our imaginations so we don't go running over & find a person to fill that space. Because it's a very Hobbesian idea. Hobbs believed that all humans by their nature are Monarchists - 58:25
- Amalric of Jerusalem failed adventure in 1163 in Egypt - 58:55
- The guys who is actually in charge in Egypt is the Wazir. Wazir = Minister. This is the guy who is actually in charge. Wazir was the guy name Shawar (Shawar ibn Mujir al-Sa'di). He took over 1162 A.D. He was in charge for 9 months. He is overthrown. He heads to Syria. To try to get Nur al-Din Zengi to back him. So he can do a coup & get back in charge. He is talking to Nur al-Din Zengi - 59:05
- Nur al-Din Zengi top advisor Shirkuh (Asad al-Dīn Shīrkūh bin Shādhī). Shirkuh falls head over heels, madly in love with the idea of an Egyptian expedition. His name is Shirku. - 01:00:30
- Shirkuh: Sheer means lion. Ku is mountain in Persian. They're Kurds. It's the same in Kurdish. Shirkuh is a Kurd with a name Lion Mountain. He is very different than Nur al-Din Zengi. He is a drinker. He likes food. He is a little pudgy. Nur al-Din Zengi is thin. He is elegant. Shirkuh is rough ... cantankars .. He is missing is an eye. They are kind of opposite & really like each other. Shirkuh is totally devoted to his father (Imad al-Din Zengi) - 01:00:45
- Shirkuh's brother ... Ayyub ... actually saved Nur al-Din Zengi father at one point. So the ZENGI FAMILY was totally reliant on these two men. Ayyub & Shirkuh - 01:01:25
- Shirkuh decides he really wants to do the Egyptian expedition to put Showar (Shawar ibn Mujir al-Sa'di); Shi'a Wazir; back in power - 01:01:40
- Showar tells them, "I will give you one/third of all the revenue from Egypt if you do this! Every year!" - 01:01:50
- Nur al-Din Zengi goes, "That's enough money I might be able to just buy Jerusalem from the Crusaders!" - 01:02:10
- Amalric of Jerusalem decides he is going to invade Egypt again - 01:02:20
- In 1164 A.D. Amalric of Jerusalem is going to go in Egypt for Second Attempt at the same time when Shirkuh is working his way to Egypt - 01:02:25
- Shirkuh by the way before he goes grabs his nephew saying, "You're going with me."
The nephew goes, "No I don't wanna go! Who wants to go to Egypt. I don't care."
He actually says, "You could make me the king of Egypt but I don't wanna go."
His uncle was like, "You're going!" - 01:02:35
...THAT GUYS NAME IS Sala'huddin {SALADIN (Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub)} - 01:02:55
- Sala'huddin's singular name is Yusuf.
`Yousuf = Sala'huddin
`Ma'hmud = Nur ad-Din - 01:03:05
- There is something really powerful about saying Yusuf meaning Sala'huddin - 01:03:20
- Shirkuh has a problem. He has to go through the Crusader State territory. He can't just go to Egypt. Palestine is on the way. So he is travelling through the Crusader state territory hoping that Crusaders don't attach them. Trying to work his way to Egypt. He gets to Bilbeis. They march on Cairo - 01:03:35
- When they get to Cairo, they overthrow the government & put Showar back in power - 01:04:05
- After Showar is in power, he immediately orders Shirkuh out of the country & breaks the deal - 01:04:15
- He is treacherous & he backstabs them - 01:04:20
- Shirkuh is furious. He is like, "What? We did this for you. You promised us that you are going to basically tie your state into our state to be in the common cause to put down the Crusader state - 01:04:30
- In the mean time, Showar is talking to Amalric of Jerusalem, the Crusader King going, "Hey! Let's work together to drive Shirkuh out of my country!" - 01:04:35
- Amalric of Jerusalem shows up. His army is behind the Syrian army of Shirkuh & the Egyptian Army that's gonna fight for Showar is in front of them. He realizes that he is in trouble. So he spins his army around & he swings over to ... Bilbasen .. .. .. ... - 01:04:45
- At that point then Crusaders army turns around & attack Bilbeis. It's a mess. The combined Egyptian & Crusaders armies outnumbers Shirkuh like ten to one. Something Ridiculous like that. They're hammering the city day after day. There is no way that they're gonna be able to hold out. The siege is taking forever - 01:05:05
⚔️- It's inevitable Shirkuh will have to surrender. He knows this or escape. But how? Especially because there is an Egyptian feet. There isn't a Syrian fleet. So there is no where to go. He can't get out by sea - 01:05:25
- In the mean time, Nur al-Din Zengi (Younger son for Aleppo) decides, "I got to create a destruction. So he attacks in the north with the intention of drawing the Crusader forces away as much as possible. So they don't reinforce Egypt - 01:05:40
⚔️- There is no way Nur al-Din Zengi he is gonna get the Crusader forces in Egypt to leave but they won't be sending any reinforcements - 01:06:00
- Nur al-Din Zengi defeats a Crusader army. He cuts off a bunch of scalps. A lot of Crusaders were Vikings. There were French speaking Vikings. They have their hair braided. Think Viking like bold hair braided. They take these bold braided scalps & he strings them together. Then they take the banners that they captured. Nur al-Din Zengi sends them to ... Bilbase ... They smuggled them in - 01:06:05
- Shirkuh goes to the wall & drapes it down & he says, "We just did this to you guys in Palestine!" - 01:06:35
- It shakes Amalric of Jerusalem. He looses his resolve. The crusader armies moral falls apart a little bit. Because they're also trying to figure how they smuggled it into the the Castle to begin with - 01:06:40
- They get to negotiating - 01:06:55
- Here is what Shirkuh talks Amalric into doing, "I'll leave if you leave!" - 01:07:00
- They pack up their army. One goes to Syria & one goes to Palestine - 01:07:05
- Showar is happy. He is hanging out. Doesn't send any money to Syria. It's good days for him
- 01:07:10
- Amalric of Jerusalem in 1163 A.D; two years later; decides he is going to invade again - 01:07:25
- Shirkuh brings his army. Instead of coming up to Cairo i.e. as brand new city; from the front; he decides he is going to go around it - 01:07:35
- Cairo was found in 969 A.D. So it was just over a thousand years old. That's a joke in the Middle East. It's like, "Oh! You are only a thousand? I had a hiccup once that lasted a thousand years." - 01:07:50
- There are towns in Egypt that were continuously populated for over five thousand years. Fifth or Sixth metropolitan city on the planet - 01:08:10
- When Showar saw Amalric coming for him, he doesn't know where Shirku's army at this point. Shirkuh is coming too because Shirkuh is responding to Amalric. Showar goes to old Cairo - 01:08:30
- When the the Arabs conquered Egypt, they created a city South of Cairo what people often referred to as old Cairo. When the Arabs conquered Egypt, they made their own little port. they actually called them ... Fustad ... which means Tents. It was the Fortress of Tents. When the Fatimid took over Egypt, they didn't want to use that Capital anymore. So it's ... Misral Fustat. ... Mirs ... means citadel. They made a new city called Misr al-Kaharah. Which really means the Citadel of the Conqueror. Kaharah becomes Cairo. That's how it got it's name. They treated the old city as Old Cairo. Even though it has actually been a different city - 01:08:45
- Showar sets Old Cairo in fire. The fire burned for forty days - 01:10:10
- First he evacuated the population. The reason he is doing this is because he is saying to the Crusaders, "I will burn everything. You will not not take Egypt over. I'll scorch this place." - 01:10:20
- The Crusaders go like, "What the heck is this?" So they go to Showar saying, "You know, Shirkuh is here?" - 01:10:30
- So Showar goes, "Alright let's work together!" - 01:10:40
- Shirkuh brings his army on the East side of Cairo & the goes South of Cairo. Crosses the Neil & heads North to where Giza is. So he is on the other side of Neil. He has got the Pyramids behind him. He is looking at Cairo. He sends words to ... Showar ... saying, "Let's fight these Crusaders & take them out of your country together!" - 01:10:40
- But Showar is allied with the Crusaders. Showar tells the Crusaders everything he knows about Shirkuh position & offers to help them drive Shirkuh out - 01:11:10
- Shirkuh takes his army & races South. He pretends he is panicking because he is away from his supply lines. Which makes sense because he is indeed away from his supply lines. Like he has grounds to panic but he is not actually panicking. He just pretends - 01:11:25
- He marches about 200 k.m. South of Cairo. He goes to a place called ... Babain ... Which means the Two Gates. Two Doors. It's near ... Samarut... . Which is a tiny little town in the middle of nowhere (?) in Egypt - 01:11:45
- There is a ... Maghagha ... near there. It's like the half way between the ... ceati (?) Cairo ... Shirkuh goes there then turn around faces the Crusader army that has been chasing him, Amalric himself. Amalric of Jerusalem is leading the Crusader army - 01:12:00
- The reason Shirkuh did this was in part to get Amalric away from his supply chain - 01:12:25
- So they both out of Supply. Shirkuh attacks Amalric. He tears the Crusaders to pieces. Amalric barely escapes - 01:12:30
- Amalric of Jerusalem races back to Cairo cause rest of his army is still there & figure out what to do next coordinate with Showar. Get the Egyptians into it somehow - 01:12:40
- All of a sudden they get news that Alexandria has fallen - 01:12:50
- Alexandria is on the other side of the Egypt. Like they were a third of the way South. In the time Amalric to run to Cairo. Not only did Shirkuh run to Cairo, He ran passed it. Abut equal distance. Got to Alexandria & captured it - 01:12:55
- Alexandria was the largest city at that time. So it was a devastating blow to the Egyptian moral & to Egyptian economy - 01:13:23
- Nobody can believe it. That's how Shirkuh was. He was a strategic genius. He thought outside of the box. He is constantly coming up with crazy stuff, executing it & pulling it off. He was one of those guys who just do unexpected just out of no where things like this - 01:13:30
- Like bait the Crusader King in South & once you defeat him, race more & capture the largest city before anybody has to figure it out what has actually happened - 01:13:50
- But the Crusader army & the Egyptian army, they march to Alexandria & they put it under siege - 01:14:00
- The siege is going on & on & on. It's becoming increasingly clear that they are running out of food. They are running out of supplies - 01:14:05
- At some point, Shirkuh is facing surrender & sense he doesn't have a navy there is no escaping. Cause Alexandria is a port city. Egyptian have the navy. He is stuck. There is no escape - 01:14:15
- He grabs a cavalry unit & in the night they open the gate & he takes his cavalry unit he charges out of the sea & he rampages right through the Crusader army & gets on the other side - 01:14:30
- He left but his nephew Sala'huddin is in the charge of the city - 01:14:45
- Shirkuh is on the other side of the Crusader army. He just goes on a rampage attacking Crusaders & Egyptian positions cutting of their supply lines. The siege is no longer attainable - 01:14:50
- They get together to talk & they come up with a solution. They will both leave. So, Amalric of Jerusalem goes & Shirkuh goes. They pull out & everybody is disappointed because everybody was hoping that they would end up owning the Egypt but Showar got it again. Everyone is on shock & dismay - 01:15:15
- Amalric of Jerusalem decides he is going fourth invasion of Egypt the next year the 1168 A.D. - 01:15:35
- Shirkuh shows up again & this time he defeats the Crusader army & he secures Cairo for Showar - 01:11:50
- When Shirkuh marches his army in Cairo Showar comes out & say, "O thank you! You saved me. I am so happy you saved me." - 01:16:15
- Shirkuh was like, "Oh of course." & they act like everything is ok! Everything is normal - 01:16:20
- Shirkuh has Showar lured out of the palace to some isolated location where Sala'huddin is waiting for Showar. Sala'huddin Guts him like a pig. That's the end of Shawar. - 01:16:25
- The Fatimid Khalifa makes Shirkuh his new wazir - 01:16:50
- The Fatimid khalifa in Egypt is finished - 01:17:15
- Shirkuh dies - 01:17:45
- They pick the guy they think is the weakest of them all. The youngest. The least experienced. The guys who has the least chance of ruling on his own. The guys who is most easy to manipulate - 01:18:20
- They picked Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub. They picked him. They guy who didn't even wanna go on to the expedition. He was in his early 20's. So, he is a twenty something years old. Who has very littlie military command. Had not much to do with capturing Egypt. He had a little bit of a role. But it's not worth mentioning - 01:18:30
- The next year the 1169 A.D. Amalric of Jerusalem decides to invade Egypt for the fifth time - 01:19:30
- Sala'huddin defeats Amalric of Jerusalem. Amalric turns around, heads back to Palestine & gives up - 01:19:40
- Amalric of Jerusalem invaded Egypt for Five times in Six years - 01:19:50
- Sala'huddin is nervous about meeting with Nur al-Din Zengi because he is worried not that Nur al-Din Zengi is gonna backstab him or something like that, he doesn't think that that is gonna happen. He is just worried he would crumble in the face of his masters. To put it in the terms as he would have put it - 01:20:35
- Sala'huddin stayed in the tent. He thought it was too decadent. There was a zoo with a tame lion & tame deer & the lion wasn't eating them - 01:21:05
🎓- Mamluk (Mamluk = Owned, Slave) walks up to
Sala'huddin. He is a special type of slave. Mamluk were soldiers. They were slave soldiers who were POW (Prisoners Of War) new converts to Islam joining with the army - 01:21:30
🎓- Mamluk walks up to Sala'huddin. Sala'huddin was tired because of working all day. He is kind of a small guy. He wasn't specially big. He is a little exhausted. He is laying in front of his tent. He is not even in He tent.
🎓- Mamluk says, "You need to sign the this!".
- It's a document. A Government bureaucratic document. Sala'huddin goes, "I will sign this tomorrow. I am so tired.
🎓- Mamluk sticks this document in his master's face & goes, "THE MASTER WILL SIGH THIS!"
- Sala'huddin goes, "I don't even have an ink well."
🎓- The Mamluk goes, "IT'S IN THE BACK OF YOUR TENT, I'M LOOKING AT IT!"
- Sala'huddin turns around, sees the ink well. Sala'huddin finally gets up to gets the ink well & gets it back then He goes, "Okey!" & signs the document.
☪️- Sala'huddin is not a power thirsty, power craze maniac. He is strange because he weeps. He cries - 01:22:15
- At one point a Crusader woman comes up to him. There actually been fighting between them & the Crusaders. The Crusader woman crosses the combat lines in the middle of the battle & she comes up to Sala'huddin with tears streaming out her eyes.
- Sala'huddin goes, "What's going on? Why you're crying?"
- The Crusaders woman goes, "Last night one of you army units raided the camp & captured my daughter & took her into slavery & I went to tell the Crusader leadership about what happened & they told me all I have to do is come talk to you & you'll sort it out."
☪️- Sala'huddin goes, "Ok!"
☪️- He asks the description of the girl. Turns to one of his men says, "Go to the slave market & see if you can find the daughter."
- The guys goes. Two hours later he comes back carrying the daughter on his shoulders.
- The woman falls on the ground weeping.
☪️- Sala'huddin takes the daughter & hands her to the woman. Sala'huddin is weeping. Everybody around is weeping & the woman goes back, crosses the combat & rejoins the Crusaders - 01:24:50
- Sala'huddin is worried that when he would go in front of Nur al-Din Zengi, he will break. He doesn't know that he can stand up to Nur al-Din Zengi. Now that he is the leader of Egypt, technically he is more powerful than his master. His master has Damascus & Aleppo. That's not equal to Egypt. So there is a power imbalance. Nur al-Din Zengi is a little panicked because he doesn't know what Sala'huddin is going to do next - 01:25:35
- Amalric sends message to Sala'huddin saying, "Ally with me. You & me against Nur al-Din Zengi - 01:26:00
- 1171 A.D, Sala'huddin sees an opportunity to attack a Crusader Fortress in Jordan. He discovers that Nur al-Din Zengi army is coming to meet him & he says, "Okay guys, we got to go."
- They pack up the army & they race as fast as they can back to Cairo - 01:26:20
🕊️- Homing pigeons of Arabs for communication which the Crusaders lack - 01:27:35 🕊️🕊️🕊️
- Sala'huddin found out about an uprising & puts the uprising down - 01:28:10
- Two years later same thing happens. Sala'huddin putting a Castle under siege. Nur al-Din Zengi moves an army. Last minute Sala'huddin pulls out so he won't make contact with Nur al-Din Zengi. He goes home - 01:28:15
- Sala'huddin sayid, "My dad was dying"!
-
Najm al-Din Ayyub died in Cairo. Before
Ayyub died in the middle between 71 & 73 there was this problem. The problem was that
Nur al-Din Zengi had become so worried that
Sala'huddin is going to betray him.
Nur al-Din Zengi sent him an out saying, "You need to come & you need to submit to me or I'm coming with an army!" - 01:28:35
- Sala'huddin said, "Should we fight?
- In the meeting Najm al-Din Ayyub said, "No! We're going to submit & if Nur al-Din Zengi told me to kill you myself, I would do it!" - 01:29:00
- After the meeting Najm al-Din Ayyub goes to his son & goes, "For the record I'll fight to the death to defend you & help you keep Egypt. Let's not advertise that. We're gonna pretend; no matter what that we're with Nur al-Din Zengi & we will never do anything against him anyway so it's okay. Just go along with the the ride. Submit to this guy. What's the big deal?" - 01:29:10
- Sala'huddin writes a letter saying, "I submit!" His father dies the next year & then in 1174 A.D. Nur al-Din Zengi dies. Nur al-Din Zengi got an abscess in his tonsil & it bursts & killed him - 01:29:35
- That year Amalric of Jerusalem dies in dysentery - 01:30:15
- Sala'huddin with his army marches right through the Crusaders territory to show up in Syria & he finds out really fast that Zengid Dynasty picked up a guy called As-Salih Ismail al-Malik to replace Nur al-Din Zengi. Salih & his advisors don't even think Sala'huddin knows what happed - 01:31:25
- As he is marching he writes them letter saying, "Look, if Nur al-Din Zengi was alive right now, he would have designated me to be his son's educator. You guys are tying to keep him away from me & turn him against me. I'm gonna punish you!" - 01:31:50
- His declaration of war causes them to panic. They leave Damascus. So by the time Sala'huddin gets there, he now owns Damascus - 01:32:10
- In 1177 A.D. Sala'huddin ends up in a battle called Battle of Montgisard. Montgisard is on the coast & pretty close to Yafa. It's a catastrophe. The new king is a guys named Baldwin IV of Jerusalem. When Amalric of Jerusalem dies, his son takes over. Baldwin's first marriage with Agnes of Courtenay, the one that everyone hated. He gets a daughter from his second wife Isabella I of Jerusalem. There is also Sibylla of Jerusalem - 01:32:40
- Baldwin-IV has leprosy. He takes over the throne dying. He was king for 11 years - 01:33:30
- Baldwin IV of Jerusalem is king when in Aleppo when As-Salih Ismail al-Malik takes over the city after his dad has died - 01:34:00
- Two years later Baldwin IV of Jerusalem in 1176 A.D he let Raynald of Châtillon go - 01:34:05
- Raynald of Châtillon was in prison for 16 years. THE BUTCHER OF CYPRUS is loose! He doesn't go Antioch because his wife has dies & he has been replaces by Bohemon-III (Bohemond III of Antioch). So he decides to go to the other direction & he marries a woman called Stephanie of Milly. She is the heir to Jordan. The Crusaders have captured what is today basically the western part of Jordan & he takes over to Kerak (Kerak Castle) in Jordan - 01:34:15
- In 1177 A.D, the next year after he has been freed, after taking over Kerak, he joins the Crusader army. They are gonna fight Sala'huddin at Montgisard. When they go to Montgisard, Baldwin IV of Jerusalem, it appears, handed command over to Raynald of Châtillon - 01:35:00
- Raynald of Châtillon comes up with a plan & defeats Sala'huddin - 01:35:20
- Sala'huddin lost battles but it was really rare - 01:35:25
- Sala'huddin's army might have have been five times bigger. It might have been less. There are some chroniclers who said it was even bigger like eight times bigger & the Crusaders massacre it. Sala'huddin escapes with some of his top advisors but it's a catastrophe but so raid is back - 01:35:45
- Sala'huddin goes into raider mode - 01:36:10
- Sala'huddin does manage to take Aleppo finally. It takes him a while. But he does finally get it - 01:36:15
- Then
Sala'huddin makes a deal with
Baldwin IV of Jerusalem. Here is the deal:
Sala'huddin will not try to take Jerusalem.
Sala'huddin would will leave the Kingdom of Jerusalem intact.
Sala'huddin not even gonna mess with the other two Crusader States & then in return
Baldwin IV of Jerusalem will stop messing with
Sala'huddin terrirories.
Sala'huddin Has merged Egypt into Syria. It's one state now. They completely surrounded the Crusader States on all sides - 01:36:20
- Manuel-I komnenos, the Roman empire is still dealing with Roger II of Sicily but he is also dealing with his other issues. So he is out of the picture in some way - 01:36:50
- Baldwin IV of Jerusalem goes, "Let's do it!" & they make a treaty. They make a formal treaty ending the struggle between Muslims & Christians & they set up these plans for how Muslims can now visit Jerusalem & how when Christians are travelling from Muslim lands, they would be protected - 01:37:00
- Raynald of Châtillon can't stop raiding. He attacks Muslims caravans in every chance he gets. He massacres them.
- Every times he does, Sala'huddin goes back to Baldwin IV of Jerusalem & goes, "We have a deal!"
- Baldwin IV of Jerusalem goes, "I don't know how to contain this guy!" - 01:37:40
- Baldwin IV of Jerusalem sister Sibylla of Jerusalem marries the guy named Guy de Lusignan - 01:37:45
- Guy de Lusignan was a bully but a dummy. He is just not smart - 01:37:50
- 1183 A.D. Sala'huddin shows up at Kerak Castle in Jordan. Sala'huddin is launching rocks using mangonel (traction trebuchet). Raynald of Châtillon sends a messenger saying, "We're actually having a wedding. Sala'huddin if you wouldn't mind you can take it easy on this sector. Like don't drop any rocks on it - 01:38:25
- The wedding is Balian of Ibelin's step daughter Isabella I of Jerusalem - 01:39:15
- Balian of Ibelin marries Maria Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem when Amalric of Jerusalem dies - 01:39:20
- Sala'huddin says, "Okay, show me the exact spot." They work it out & they stopped firing in that area. Not only so they can complete the wedding but so they can also do their little honeymoon afterwards - 01:39:35
- Baldwin IV of Jerusalem shows up with his army. Sala'huddin realizes he can't fight on two fronts & so he pulls away - 01:39:50
- Baldwin IV of Jerusalem promises to punish Raynald of Châtillon. That appeases Sala'huddin - 01:40:00
- Raynald of Châtillon continues the raiding - 01:40:10
- Manuel-I komnenos dies 1180 A.D. When he dies, the Romans dissolves into chaos. So Romans are out of the picture completely at this point - 01:40:35
- Baldwin IV of Jerusalem died in 1185 A.D. - 01:40:50
- Sibylla of Jerusalem son, Baldwin IV of Jerusalem's nephew becomes Baldwin-V (Baldwin V of Jerusalem) at age FIVE - 01:41:00
- Sibylla of Jerusalem & Guy de Lusignan are the Regents running the Kingdom - 01:41:10
- Baldwin V of Jerusalem dies at the age of EIGHT - 01:41:50
- Sibylla of Jerusalem & Guy de Lusignan take over directly - 01:41:35
- Raymond-III the count of Tripoli (Raymond III of Tripoli)'s wife Eschiva of Bures owns Tiberias - 01:41:40
- In the movie Kingdom of Heaven 2005, there is a character named Tiberias. There was no Crusader named Tiberias. That was supposed to be Raymond III of Tripoli. They named him Tiberias because his wife owned the city named Tiberias - 01:41:50
- Sala'huddin besieges - 01:42:10
- It's 1187 A.D. - 01:42:20
- In front of Tiberias is the Sea of Galilee which is fresh waterway. On the other side is open desert plane. There is a volcano with two horns. It had two volcanic peaks right there at the start of the plane & that spot is called Hatin & the plane in front of it is the plane of Hatim - 01:42:25
☪️- Sala'huddin doesn't want to take Tiberias. They actually could have taken it at any moment - 01:42:50
☪️- Sala'huddin to his men, "No no no! We're gonna keep it under siege. We're gonna keep the pressure on it but don't take it. I know it's ready to collapse. Just leave it there. We will even send them supplies if we have to to keep them from falling because he wants to lure the Crusader Army into a trap - 01:42:55
- The Crusaders under the leadership of Guy de Lusignan decides to cut through the desert across the plane. They don't have water. They're thinking that when they would get to the Sea of Galilee, they will drink - 01:43:10
-Sala'huddin lifts the siege of Tiberias. Parks his army in the plane in between them & the Sea of Galilee. They now have to fight exhausted & thirsty - 01:43:25
- All the Arabs have to do is just hold their position & that's what they do. It's a massacre - 01:43:35
- The Battle of Hattin ends & Sala'huddin victory on July 4th 1187 A.D. - 01:43:45
- Sala'huddin has Guy de Lusignan brought to his tent & Raynald of Châtillon. He has ice brought to the tent - 01:44:00
- The Arabs would go to the mountains where even in summer, there is still some ice. They chop off blocks of ice & use it to keep the food fresh & for deserts - 01:44:15
- The ancient Persians liked to take crushed ice & put fruit in it & eat the crushed ice in the fruit. The Arabs thought what if we make syrup from the fruit. The word "SYRUP" comes from the Arabic word "
SHARBAT". What if we make syrup from the fruit & pour it on to the ice & they invented
Sorbet which comes from the Aarabic word
SHARBAT. Then later the Italian who had fallen madly in love with
Sorbet & made all these different types of Gelato went what would happen if you mix this with cream & that's how ice cream was invented by Three different Civilizations over the centuries - 01:44:30
- Sala'huddin has ice brought. He takes a chalice of ice & hand it to Guy de Lusignan - 01:45:20
- Guy de Lusignan takes a sip & hands it to Raynald of Châtillon - 01:45:25
🏛️- Sala'huddin goes, "I didn't give you the ice!"
- Raynald of Châtillon says, "That's correct your highness. You didn't give it to me!"
🏛️- Sala'huddin goes, "In my culture you have to treat your guests well but you're not my guest cause i didn't give yout the ice, he did."
- Raynald of Châtillon says, "That's true your majesty!"
🏛️- Sala'huddin takes the sword & guts him there. Cuts his head off drags him across the ground & parks him in front of Guy de Lusignan saying, "Don't worry I'm not gonna harm you!" - 01:45:35 ☪️☪️☪️
- Sala'huddin takes his army from Hattin & heads to Jerusalem. They get to Jerusalem & finds Balian of Ibelin. Balian of Ibelin is heading to Jerusalem but the problem is the Arab Army is in between him & Jerusalem - 01:46:20
- Balian of Ibelin approaches Sala'huddin. They know each other. Balian of Ibelin goes, "So my wife (Sibylla of Jerusalem), the grand niece of former Empire how is now dead is in Jerusalem. I'm here go get her. Will you let me into the city?"
- Sibylla of Jerusalem made four babies with Balian of Ibelin.
☪️- Sala'huddin goes, "Okay. I'll let you into the city but you have to promise that you will not fight us & you won't do anything but go in there, get your wife & come out & if your children are there you can get them too." - 01:46:35
- Balian of Ibelin goes to Jerusalem. When people see him they go, "We don't have any leaders. There is nobody running the city. Everybody was in Hattin. You need to take command of the city to defend us." - 01:47:25
- Balian of Ibelin leaves Jerusalem to go back to Sala'huddin saying, "Look, they are begging me to take command of the city. I swore I wouldn't do anything but would you let me do this anyway?"
☪️- Sala'huddin goes, "So you've your oath to me but your duty to your people."
- Balian of Ibelin goes, "Yeah!"
☪️- Sala'huddin goes, "So you are asking me to release you from you oath?"
- Balian of Ibelin, "I take my oath very seriously. So if you tell me no I'll get my wife & I'll leave."
☪️- Sala'huddin goes, "Okay, Fine! I release you from your oath! Go take over the city & prepare it's defenses. I'm gonna attack tomorrow!" - 01:47:45
- Balian of Ibelin, "Okay, One more thing first."
☪️- Sala'huddin goes, "What?"
- Balian of Ibelin, "Can you get my wife for me? Like I'm going to let her out of the city but like can you escort her to a safe place so she is not in combat zone?"
☪️- Sala'huddin goes, "Wait! So, now I'm taking care of you wife?"
- Balian of Ibelin, "Actually could you just send her to City of Tyre (Sur) so in that way she is just out of harm's way completely?"
☪️- Sala'huddin goes, "Fine!" - 01:48:35
- Balian of Ibelin takes over the defenses & puts out a fight - 01:49:10
- Arabs Armies are democratic. In other words, yes Sala'huddin is the General. Once the combat is invested, he makes all the decisions. Nobody can second guess it. But in between combat the soldiers can vote on things & make demands - 01:49:20
- The soldiers wanted to massacre all the Crusaders at Hattin. So they voted for that - 01:49:35
☪️- Sala'huddin got up in front of them like, "No we are not those people! We don't massacre everybody! When they are defeated, a bunch of them are going to be wounded & surrender. We're gonna heal the wounded & we're gonna let them go!" - 01:49:40
- The soldiers like, "No we don't wanna fight them ever again. If we let them go, we're just gonna have to fight them later.
☪️- Sala'huddin goes, "I don't care! We are not massacres! They are! They do this! We don't!" - 01:49:55
- They vote to only massacre the Knight Templars and the Knights Hospitallers - 01:50:20
- The Knight Templars and the Knights Hospitallers were Monastic orders that went into combat & had vows of chastity & poverty & they were like the richest rapist the world has ever seen. They just plundered, raped & murdered everywhere they went. They had big cross on their chest just to make sure you knew they were Christian as they were killing you & raping you & stealing your staff - 01:50:25
- So they voted, "Okay we're gonna get rid of those guys & let the whole rest of the army go!" - 01:50:50
- Sala'huddin had men who spoke Lain walk up & down the line of Hospitallers & Templars saying, "WE CAN'T EXECUTE MUSLIMS! WE CAN'T EXECUTE MUSLIMS! WE CAN'T EXECUTE MUSLIMS!" - 01:50:55
- They have to do it in Lain because some of them speak French & some of them speak German & some of them Speak Hungarian. So they just need a language that everybody can at least figure this out. About maybe a quarter of those Templars & Hospitallers, these Fanatic Christians walk up to the Executioner & then become Muslim - 01:51:10
✝️- There were group of guys who were not Templars & Hospitallers. They were just clearly normal Crusaders, walk up & they say said they were!
🌋- The Executioners said, "That means we have to kill you! No! You don't wanna be! It's obvious you're not! You're not dressed like one!"
✝️- They go, "No no! We are!"
🌋- The Executioners said, "I don't get it! You want us to execute you?"
✝️- They were like, "Yes because if you kill us here now, we go straight to heaven. We get to hang out with Jesus for all eternity."
🌋- The Executioners said, "Dude! No! Get out of the line! You're not a Templars."
- In the mean time a bunch of Templars were like, "Yeah, I'm a Muslim! You can't kill me!"
🌋- The Executioners said, "Alright go out of line!"
- And they went & became Mamluk. They actually switched sides - 01:51:40
- Finally the Muslims managed to break a hole in the wall. There is fighting in the breach that lasts for days. Balian of Ibelin comes out & he goes, "We are done! We are out of food. We're exhausted. We don't have many people left honestly. Fight can't go on." - 01:52:35
☪️- Sala'huddin goes, "Okay let's talk terms!" - 01:52:50
-
Sala'huddin actually at one point decided he was gonna take Jerusalem by force no matter what! - 01:52:55
- Balian of Ibelin goes, "Look if you don't let us surrender, we are gonna destroy Jerusalem. We are gonna burn everything. Everything you find sacred, we are gonna wreck it. We are gonna tear down al-Aqsa Masjid. We are gonnn destroy everything. Dome of the Rock. We will leave none of you Masjids. None of your Holy Places." - 01:53:00
☪️- Sala'huddin goes, "Those are your Holy Places too!"
- Balian of Ibelin was like, "I'll destroy our Holy Places! I'll destroy the Jewish Holy Places, Christian Holy Places, Muslim Holy places. I'm gonna tear all down if you don't let us surrender!" - 01:53:20
-
Sala'huddin turns to his Advisos & goes, "Is it okay to break my oath of capturing the city by violence to preserve all of our Holy sites?"
- The guy is like, "Yes!" - 01:53:30
☪️☪️☪️- Terms - Sala'huddin, "My Army has already voted to enslave some of you. So, I talk them into a price for their freedom. If you can come up with "X" amount of money, we will let you guys go. That way nobody gets enslaved." - 01:53:50 ☪️☪️☪️
- So the army comes out & then Sala'huddin goes, "You know what? The elderly don't have to pay & like he keep exempting groups. Okay, children don't have to pay & so by the time they are done, they are down to like this core group of guys & bunch of them didn't have any money. So Sala'huddin goes into his tent, he pulls what was left of his coffers out & he dumps it on the ground & buys a bunch of the Crusaders & frees them. Then some of his Advisors & some of his Generals standing there feel really embarrassed. They go get their coffers & free a few more. So this way Balian of Ibelin got to lead the entire Crusader population out of Jerusalem - 01:54:05
☪️- Sala'huddin said, "Any times you guys wanna come to visit you're always welcome. This City's Gates will always be open to you just like they were before you did the Crusade! RIGHT BACK TO WHERE IT WAS!" - 01:55:55
- Balian of Ibelin was like, "Thanks! That's really cool!" - 01:55:05
- They head towards the City of Tyre (Sur) in Southern Lebanon - 01:55:10
- The Muslims have Jerusalem. The Crusade are in terrible shape - 01:55:25
- They are gonna call for another Crusade. THE THRID CRUSADE - 01:55:30
- 1095 A.D. Alexios I Komnenos, the Roman Emperor goes to Rome & asks the Pope (Pope Urban II) for help because he is getting hammered fighting the Seljuk Empire. The Seljuk Empire has been slowly advancing in Anatolia taking away land from the Romans - 01:00
- They initiate the Crusade in Germany by going up & down the Ryne River mascaraing Jews - 03:05
- In 1187 A.D. Sala'huddin had had enough. He cause the Crusaders to fight a battle called the Battle of Hittin & he defeats the Crusader army & then he goes to Jerusalem & he forces the Crusaders to surrender in 1187 A.D. - 03:45
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