The Crusades: Part 3 – The Rise of Salah ad-Din (Part 1)
- Coin of Amir ul-Mu'minin Sayyidina wa-Maulana Mu'awiya ibn Abu Sufiyan - 00:15
- Governor of Homs was 'Abdur Ra'hman ibn Khalid ibn al-Waleed - 01:25
- Manuel-I komnenos, the Roman Emperor - 02:10
- Raymon-III (Raymond III of Tripoli), a Crusader - 02:25
- Bohemond-III (Bohemond III of Antioch), the prince of Antioch - 02:35
- Roger-II (Roger II of Sicily). He is not a Crusader. He is the Normand ruler of Sicily. 1105 A.D. Started at 1061. They conquered it from the Arabs. Normand were French speaking Vikings who after conquering northern France, got board & decided to conquer Southern Italy & Sicily. Then got bored again & decided to conquer England - 02:50
- When Roger-II (Roger II of Sicily) took over, the Normand already undisputed on Sicily for 24 years. On one side of the coin it's written in the Latin & on the other side of the coin, it's written in Arabic. Even though they were Christians, the rulers of Sicily realized that they couldn't just delete the Arabs who were living there. That's how the Norman coins & then later German coins, cause the German Royal family takes over Sicily. That's how the coins were minted for couple of centuries. They would have Arabic on one side & Latin on the other side - 03:45
- Nur ad-Din Mahmud Zengi (Al-Malik al-Adil Abu al-Qasim Nūr al-Dīn Maḥmūd bin Imad al-Dīn Zengī)'s coin - 04:30
- Nur ad-Din's son, al-Salih Ismail al-Malik (Abu al-Fath Ismail bin Nur al-Din Mahmud bin Imad al-Din bin Aq Sunqur al-Zangi)'s coin - 04:35
- Saladin (Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub)'s coin. Minted in 1169 or 1170 or 1171 A.D. It has Fatimid Ruler on the back - 04:45
- The Crusade starts. They capture 4 states. The Crusaders leave the Central Europe. They're mostly French & German. They work their way through the Roman Empire. People incorrectly call the Roman Empire the Byzantine Empire but there is not such thing. Nobody ever called themselves the Byzantine Empire. - 07:05
- They work their way through the Roman Empire eventually they go through the Kingdom of Hungary all the way to the Roman Empire. It's a Mess. Some of them are plundering. Some of them are not really soldiers, just brigands - 07:35
- The Crusaders fight their way though Anatolia. The Sultanate of Rome was a Turkiyan Kingdom in the Middle of Turkiya that has been fighting the Roman Empire successfully for the most part. There is a little fight with them & the Crusaders. The Crusaders get to Syria & curve off their first state - 07:45
- First state was the County of Edessa. Edessa is Northern Syria & Southern Turkiya. The city itself is in Şanlıurfa (Urfa), Turkiye - 08:15
- Then they take over the principality of Antioch in 1098 A.D. - 08:30
- 1096 A.D. is when the Pope called for Crusade. It takes the 2 years to get them to Syria. They curved of two little states - 08:35
- Then 1099 they conquered Jerusalem & created the Kingdom of Jerusalem - 08:45
- Godfrey de Buong (Godfrey of Bouillon) takes over Jerusalem & never calls himself a King even though he established the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He only rules for few months then he dies - 08:50
- Godfrey de Buong (Godfrey of Bouillon) is replaced by Baldwin-I (Baldwin I of Jerusalem) who is the first Crowned King of Jerusalem - 09:00
- Three years later, the crusaders also captured the County of Tripoli, Lebanon - 08:55
- There are 4 Crusader states which hit the high water mark in 1024 A.D. - 09:15
- In 1024 they captured the City of Tier (Sur) in Southern Lebanon - 09:30
- When they capture Tier, that sinks their control of Syria & it makes them indisputable master of Western Syria. Not Central Syria. Cause they didn't capture Damascus or Aleppo yet - 09:40
- That's the high water mark for the Crusaders. It's only downhill from that moment - 09:55
- The problem is - The Arabs & the Turkish Rulers can't get their act together. When the Turkish Rulers do manage to pull off some sort of victory, that leader gets assassinated or catch an arrow or something goes sideways. They're alcoholics. They just can't keep it together. It's one disaster after another - 10:05
- Finally a Turkish leader Atabeg names Imad al-Din Zengi takes over Aleppo (largest city in Syria. Damascus was the political center). He has Mosul (Northern Iraq) - 10:30
- When Imad al-Din Zengi takes over Aleppo, he has effectively created a miniature state in Northern Iraq & Northern Syria. He is not in paper independent. He is part of the Saljuk Empire. But in reality the Saljuk Empire is falling apart - 11:00
- Imad al-Din Zengi decides to capture Damascus - 11:20
- 1144 A.D, the Arabs get their first real break - 11:30
- Imad al-Din Zengi manages to capture Edessa in 1144 A.D.- 11:45
- Muen Unar (Mu'in ad-Din Unur) decides to take over as Regent of Damascus for her Zumurrud Khatun's son - 13:45
... From second part ...
- Ismail (Shams al-Mulk Isma'il) is a basket case. He goes the very similar path that Aleppan Alp Arsalan (Alp Arslan al-Akhras) went down killing people - 58:10
- Ismail (Shams al-Mulk Isma'il) started to negotiate with the Crusaders just like Hashshashin (Order of Assassins) - 58:35
- Ismail (Shams al-Mulk Isma'il)'s mother (Zumurrud Khatun) - 58:50
- Imad al-Din Zengi told Zumurrud Khatun that he would work with her if she works with him. She rejects her. But she kills her son Ismail to replace him with another son Shihab al-Din Mahmud - 59:00
... From second part ...
- Imad al-Din Zengi threatens punishment Yarankash then goes back to sleep but Yarankash tabs him to death when he was sleeping drunk (1146 A.D.) & join the Crusaders to get honored - 14:50
Sayf al-Din Ghazi-I (Older son for Mosul) to deal with crazy of Civil war of a Khalifa that wants to take over & whatever is happening with the Saljuks - 17:35
- Nur al-Din Zengi (Younger son for Aleppo) to focus on Syria for the Crusaders - 17:45
- Because they liked each other, respected each other & trusted each other, they can then turn their backs on each other & not worry about being backstabbed - 17:50
- Jocelyn-II (Joscelin II of Edessa), the guy who was the ruler of Edessa decided to use that moment of chaos & retake Edessa but again lost it to Nur al-Din Zengi (Younger son for Aleppo) - 18:10
- Edessa was an Armenian city. The Crusaders were Christians but Catholic. The Armenians were Christians but Orthodox - 18:40
- By that point, The Eastern Christians; the Orthodox Christian; The native Christians of Middle East has stated to dislike & hate the Crusaders - 18:50
- The King's daughter, Alice (Alice of Antioch); The Princess of Antioch; Rebelled against her father the Crusader King Baldwin II of Jerusalem. She was half Armenian & sympathized more with the native Christians & Muslim population. Because She was the Second Generation Crusader, she was identified as a local & didn't see herself as an European invader anymore - 19:00
- Joscelin-II (Joscelin II of Edessa) was ½ Armanian. So they had a sympathy for him - 10:50
- 1144 A.D. The Pope (Pope Eugene-III) calls for the Second Crusade i.e. exclusively to take Edessa back & reinforce the Crusader states to make sure that no other no Crusader states fall & if possible, expand - 20:00
- The Second Crusade is like the First Crusade large populated by the Germans & French. Some of the French were Normand but it's going to include Conrad III of Germany of Germany & Louis VII of France - 20:55- These Kings are coming along with the goal to take the glory to show themselves to go to Jerusalem to be part of this thing that would guarantee them the gateway to heaven where when they would die, they would spend the all eternity hanging out with Jesus Christ Himself - 21:20
- The Frist was noble but it wasn't loyalty. This is a whole new thing - 21:40
- Louis VII of France married to his cousin, Eleanor (Eleanor of Aquitaine).Then she marries Henry-II (Henry II of England), The King of England - 21:50
- Eleanor (Eleanor of Aquitaine) was married to the King of France (Louis-VII) & the King of England (Henry-II) & she went on to the Crusade. In reality, she was her own military commander - 22:10
- Roger-II; Roger II of Cicely; The Normand King of Cicely; he could speak Arabic, French, Latin; he created a bureaucracy which would include the Muslims, Christians & the Jews. He is not acting like a typical Christian leader from the time period. Because the typical Christian leader would have nothing to do with the Muslims & Jews - 23:15
- Roger II of Cicely hated Conrad III of Germany. - 23:45
- The easiest way to get to Palestine was to go by ship. The problem is if they go by ship, they risk running into Roger II of Cicely's navy. Because he just might send his navy out to intercept Conrad III of Germany with the goal of capturing him or killing him; ransoming him; shaming him; who knows - 23:50
- But wisdom is recognizing when you are doing the stupid thing again - 24:30
- Louis VII of France can go by sea. So Louis-VII is debating what to do with the French army. But decides to go with the Germans, Conrad III of Germany - 24:35
- Anatolia by land - 24:50
- It angers Roger II of Cicely. He decides that he is gonna punish everybody instead of participating the Crusades instead of participating in the Crusades & going to Palestine & killing Muslims, he decides to attack the Roman Empire. He lands an army in peninsula with the goal of chopping Greece out of the Roman Empire - 24:55
- Kilij Arslan I was defeated in Dorylaeum in the First Crusade. In the Second Crusade, Conrad III of Germany is coming up to Dorylaeum. They thought of doing a Dorylaeum - #2 - 25:55
- The Turkish leader; The Sultan of Rome; The Turks living in Anatolia called themselves The Sultan of Rome. Their flag was two headed eagle. As in the Roman flag. Because their explicit goal was to replace the Christian Roman Empire with the Muslim Roman Empire. Which is why they had their eye on one day capturing Constantinople. Which is why when in 1453 A.D. when the Ottoman empire do capture Constantinople, it's so amazing because that was their goal. Because they were working towards that for centuries - 26:15
- Masud-I (Rukn al-Din Mesud ibn Kilij Arslan) first sets up an ambush at Dorylaeum, Conrad III of Germany & the Germans march right into the ambush & are mascaraed - 27:00
- Conrad III of Germany barely escapes with the handful of Germans to dig their way out to make their way to the French camp to regroup - 27:15
- German & French army starts to disintegrate - 27:45
- They get into a second battle with the Turk & it's another disaster. Part of the baggage train gets left behind. Hundreds of Crusaders are killed - 27:45
- Eventually they get in to Antioch - 28:15
- Raymond of Poitiers first gets to Antioch. They all follow him to regroup 1148 A.D. - 28:20
- Nur ad-Din Mahmud Zengi is panicking. What the Crusaders should do next is to attack Aleppo, Nur ad-Din's city. They city Aleppo held out against the Crusaders for decades now. The principality of Antioch goes right up almost to the city walls. Like Aleppo is not just on front lines figuratively, it was literally on the front lines. They were put under siege time after time after time. The Crusaders couldn't capture the city was devastating for the Crusaders because this was the linchpin - 28:35
- The Crusader army is shaken because it should have been twice the size & it's missing most of it's Germans - 29:20
- Nur ad-Din Mahmud Zengi confused of having enough men to defend so he is panicking - 29:40
- Another reason to go after Aleppo besides it will break Syrian resistance because Damascus without Aleppo, it's done! It's over! Specially because Muen Unar (Mu'in ad-Din Unur); the guy ruling Damascus; has already struck a deal with the Crusaders. One of the reasons why Zengi haven't been able to take the city yet. Every time they move an army to Damascus, the Crusaders come up to defend the city because they have a deal, this Muslim-Turkish-lead-Arab city is allied with this European Crusader state - 29:55
- If you capture Aleppo; that's it; it's over! Because you already got Damascus. Not truly but partially. And then nothing to stop you from going to taking Edessa back & you complete the Crusade. You fulfil the goal - 30:35
- Louis VII of France decides to go to Jerusalem instead of taking Aleppo. Because Jerusalem is high value to the Pilgrimage to Jerusalem - 30:50
- Jerusalem decides to capture & conquer Damascus. They were previously allied to Damascus - 31:25
- There are two cities. You want both. You are allied with one & the other one might not have the forces to resist you. In that scenario, attack your ally - 31:40
- There is a fight coming. There are two people in the fight. One of them is your friend & the other one is the guy you want to really beat up. The friend you are not sure about. But he is still your friend who hates the guy you really want to beat up. So, who should you attack? - 32:00
- So, who should you attack? The friend, of course - 32:15
- This is just an easy one - 32:20
- Louis VII of France march an army to Damascus - 32:25
- Muen Unar (Mu'in ad-Din Unur) knows that Louis VII of France is coming so he starts to prepare defenses. Sends words to everybody including his enemies like Nur ad-Din Mahmud Zengi. Nur ad-Din Mahmud Zengi send words to his (older) brother (Sayf al-Din Ghazi-I in Mosul). Sayf al-Din Ghazi-I in Mosul sends an army - 32:30
- The Crusader army (Louis VII of France) is right up next to the wall. They put the city under siege. Trying to grind it into the dirt. When Nur ad-Din & his (elder) brother Sayf al-Din Ghazi-I show up with army & saved the enemy Muen Unar (Mu'in ad-Din Unur) to defend Damascus - 32:53
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