The Crusades: Part 3 – The Rise of Salah ad-Din (Part 1)
- Coin of Amir ul-Mu'minin Sayyidina wa-Maulana Mu'awiya ibn Abu Sufiyan - 00:15
- Governor of Homs was 'Abdur Ra'hman ibn Khalid ibn al-Waleed - 01:25
- Manuel-I komnenos, the Roman Emperor - 02:10
- Raymon-III (Raymond III of Tripoli), a Crusader - 02:25
- Bohemond-III (Bohemond III of Antioch), the prince of Antioch - 02:35
- Roger-II (Roger II of Sicily). He is not a Crusader. He is the Normand ruler of Sicily. 1105 A.D. Started at 1061. They conquered it from the Arabs. Normand were French speaking Vikings who after conquering northern France, got board & decided to conquer Southern Italy & Sicily. Then got bored again & decided to conquer England - 02:50
- When Roger-II (Roger II of Sicily) took over, the Normand already undisputed on Sicily for 24 years. On one side of the coin it's written in the Latin & on the other side of the coin, it's written in Arabic. Even though they were Christians, the rulers of Sicily realized that they couldn't just delete the Arabs who were living there. That's how the Norman coins & then later German coins, cause the German Royal family takes over Sicily. That's how the coins were minted for couple of centuries. They would have Arabic on one side & Latin on the other side - 03:45
- Nur ad-Din Mahmud Zengi (Al-Malik al-Adil Abu al-Qasim Nūr al-Dīn Maḥmūd bin Imad al-Dīn Zengī)'s coin - 04:30
- Nur ad-Din's son, al-Salih Ismail al-Malik (Abu al-Fath Ismail bin Nur al-Din Mahmud bin Imad al-Din bin Aq Sunqur al-Zangi)'s coin - 04:35
- Saladin (Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub)'s coin. Minted in 1169 or 1170 or 1171 A.D. It has Fatimid Ruler on the back - 04:45
- The Crusade starts. They capture 4 states. The Crusaders leave the Central Europe. They're mostly French & German. They work their way through the Roman Empire. People incorrectly call the Roman Empire the Byzantine Empire but there is not such thing. Nobody ever called themselves the Byzantine Empire. - 07:05
- They work their way through the Roman Empire eventually they go through the Kingdom of Hungary all the way to the Roman Empire. It's a Mess. Some of them are plundering. Some of them are not really soldiers, just brigands - 07:35
- The Crusaders fight their way though Anatolia. The Sultanate of Rome was a Turkiyan Kingdom in the Middle of Turkiya that has been fighting the Roman Empire successfully for the most part. There is a little fight with them & the Crusaders. The Crusaders get to Syria & curve off their first state - 07:45
- First state was the County of Edessa. Edessa is Northern Syria & Southern Turkiya. The city itself is in Şanlıurfa (Urfa), Turkiye - 08:15
- Then they take over the principality of Antioch in 1098 A.D. - 08:30
- 1096 A.D. is when the Pope called for Crusade. It takes the 2 years to get them to Syria. They curved of two little states - 08:35
- Then 1099 they conquered Jerusalem & created the Kingdom of Jerusalem - 08:45
- Godfrey de Buong (Godfrey of Bouillon) takes over Jerusalem & never calls himself a King even though he established the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He only rules for few months then he dies - 08:50
- Godfrey de Buong (Godfrey of Bouillon) is replaced by Baldwin-I (Baldwin I of Jerusalem) who is the first Crowned King of Jerusalem - 09:00
- Three years later, the crusaders also captured the County of Tripoli, Lebanon - 08:55
- There are 4 Crusader states which hit the high water mark in 1024 A.D. - 09:15
- In 1024 they captured the City of Tier (Sur) in Southern Lebanon - 09:30
- When they capture Tier, that sinks their control of Syria & it makes them indisputable master of Western Syria. Not Central Syria. Cause they didn't capture Damascus or Aleppo yet - 09:40
- That's the high water mark for the Crusaders. It's only downhill from that moment - 09:55
- The problem is - The Arabs & the Turkish Rulers can't get their act together. When the Turkish Rulers do manage to pull off some sort of victory, that leader gets assassinated or catch an arrow or something goes sideways. They're alcoholics. They just can't keep it together. It's one disaster after another - 10:05
- Finally a Turkish leader Atabeg names Imad al-Din Zengi takes over Aleppo (largest city in Syria. Damascus was the political center). He has Mosul (Northern Iraq) - 10:30
- When Imad al-Din Zengi takes over Aleppo, he has effectively created a miniature state in Northern Iraq & Northern Syria. He is not in paper independent. He is part of the Saljuk Empire. But in reality the Saljuk Empire is falling apart - 11:00
- Imad al-Din Zengi decides to capture Damascus - 11:20
- 1144 A.D, the Arabs get their first real break - 11:30
- Imad al-Din Zengi manages to capture Edessa in 1144 A.D.- 11:45
- Muen Unar (Mu'in ad-Din Unur) decides to take over as Regent of Damascus for her Zumurrud Khatun's son - 13:45
... From second part ...
- Ismail (Shams al-Mulk Isma'il) is a basket case. He goes the very similar path that Aleppan Alp Arsalan (Alp Arslan al-Akhras) went down killing people - 58:10
- Ismail (Shams al-Mulk Isma'il) started to negotiate with the Crusaders just like Hashshashin (Order of Assassins) - 58:35
- Ismail (Shams al-Mulk Isma'il)'s mother (Zumurrud Khatun) - 58:50
- Imad al-Din Zengi told Zumurrud Khatun that he would work with her if she works with him. She rejects her. But she kills her son Ismail to replace him with another son Shihab al-Din Mahmud - 59:00
... From second part ...
- Imad al-Din Zengi threatens punishment Yarankash then goes back to sleep but Yarankash tabs him to death when he was sleeping drunk (1146 A.D.) & join the Crusaders to get honored - 14:50
Sayf al-Din Ghazi-I (Older son for Mosul) to deal with crazy of Civil war of a Khalifa that wants to take over & whatever is happening with the Saljuks - 17:35
- Nur al-Din Zengi (Younger son for Aleppo) to focus on Syria for the Crusaders - 17:45
- Because they liked each other, respected each other & trusted each other, they can then turn their backs on each other & not worry about being backstabbed - 17:50
- Jocelyn-II (Joscelin II of Edessa), the guy who was the ruler of Edessa decided to use that moment of chaos & retake Edessa but again lost it to Nur al-Din Zengi (Younger son for Aleppo) - 18:10
- Edessa was an Armenian city. The Crusaders were Christians but Catholic. The Armenians were Christians but Orthodox - 18:40
- By that point, The Eastern Christians; the Orthodox Christian; The native Christians of Middle East has stated to dislike & hate the Crusaders - 18:50
- The King's daughter, Alice (Alice of Antioch); The Princess of Antioch; Rebelled against her father the Crusader King Baldwin II of Jerusalem. She was half Armenian & sympathized more with the native Christians & Muslim population. Because She was the Second Generation Crusader, she was identified as a local & didn't see herself as an European invader anymore - 19:00
- Joscelin-II (Joscelin II of Edessa) was ½ Armanian. So they had a sympathy for him - 10:50
- 1144 A.D. The Pope (Pope Eugene-III) calls for the Second Crusade i.e. exclusively to take Edessa back & reinforce the Crusader states to make sure that no other no Crusader states fall & if possible, expand - 20:00
- The Second Crusade is like the First Crusade large populated by the Germans & French. Some of the French were Normand but it's going to include Conrad III of Germany of Germany & Louis VII of France - 20:55- These Kings are coming along with the goal to take the glory to show themselves to go to Jerusalem to be part of this thing that would guarantee them the gateway to heaven where when they would die, they would spend the all eternity hanging out with Jesus Christ Himself - 21:20
- The Frist was noble but it wasn't loyalty. This is a whole new thing - 21:40
- Louis VII of France to his cousin, Eleanor (Eleanor of Aquitaine).Then she marries Henry-II (Henry II of England), The King of England - 21:50
- Eleanor (Eleanor of Aquitaine) was married to the King of France & the King of England & she went on to the Crusade. In reality, she was her own military commander - 22:10
- Roger the Second; the King of Cicely; The Normand King of Cicely; he could speak Arabic, French, Latin; he created a Beurocracy which would include the Muslims, Christians & the Jews. He is not acting like a typical Christian leader from the time period. Because the typical Christian leader would have nothing to do with the Muslims & Jews - 23:15
- Roger the Second; the King of Cicely; he hated the ... comrade the Third. - 23:45
- The easiest way to get to Palestine was to go by ship. The problem is if they go by ship, they risk running into Roger the Second's navy. Because he just might send his navy out to intercept ... comrade the Thrid ... with the goal of capturing him or killing him; ransoming him; shaming him; who knows - 23:50
- At that time, most leaders like today were sociopaths because nothing ever changes. We are the same dumb ass species from generation to generation doing the same stupid staff over & over again - 24:10
- But wisdom is recognizing when you are doing the stupid thing again - 24:30
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- Anatolia by land - 24:50
- It angers Roger the second. He decides that he is gonna punish everybody instead of participating the Crusades
- 24:55
